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The Playstation 2 is a very complex beast, composed of several different types of specialized processors that are designed to operate in parallel. Most of the processors can access other parts of the system independently and thus a great deal of the work in the PS2 can be performed unattended by the main processor.
The diagram above shows the functional layout of the Playstation 2. The system can be broken down into three groups; graphics, control, and I/O. Most control and calculations happen in the Emotion Engine (EE), graphics rendering is done mostly in the Graphics Synthesizer (GS), and I/O is handled by the I/O Processor (IOP).